The Distributional Impact of Taxes in Lebanon
Analysis and Policy Implications
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Rationale and Plan of Study
Rationale for Study
Survey Design and Data Collection
Plan of Study
Chapter 2: Fiscal Developments and Recent Tax Reforms
Fiscal Developments and Debt Evolution (1992 – 1997)
Tax Developments in Lebanon
Profit Taxes
Taxes on Wages and Salaries
Taxes on Capital Accounts
Taxes on Property
General Property Tax
Taxes on Built Structures
Taxes on Land Improvements
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 3: international Experience with Tax Reforms
Tax Rates and Tax Brackets
Value Added Tax
Presumptive Taxation
Taxing Government Bonds and Financial Transactions
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 4: Distributional Impact of Income Tax
Gini Index and Lorenz Curve
Distribution of Income in Lebanon
The Impact of Individual Income Tax
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 5: Distributional Impact of Indirect Taxes
Tax Structure
Distributional Impact of Indirect Taxes
Expenditure Transfers: Regional Impacts of Gasoline Taxes
Regressiveness of Lebanese Tax on Gasoline
Reducing the Negative Distributional Impacts
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 6: Recommendations and Policy Implications
Reforming Direct Tax Laws
Taxes on Wages and Salaries
Taxes on Profits of Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Companies
Recommendations for Indirect Taxation and Different Type of Taxes
Gasoline Tax
Value Added Taxes
Bank Deposits Tax
Taxes on Government Bonds
Capital Gains Tax
Concluding Remarks
Bibliography